Most people start with the wrong question. They ask “where should I move?” as if there were a single correct answer waiting to be found, a country that quietly outscores all the others once you run the numbers. There isn’t one. The reason is simple: Canadians who leave are not all trying to build the same life. A retired couple chasing a warm, cheap winter has almost nothing in common with a 34-year-old software engineer weighing a job offer in Dubai, and neither of them is solving the problem a young family faces when they want their kids to spend a year inside a different culture before high school swallows the chance.
So this article does not crown a winner. It surveys the map. It looks at where Canadians repeatedly end up when they decide to spend real time abroad, why those places keep pulling people in, and what kind of Canadian each one actually suits. Some of these destinations are popular because they are warm, cheap, and a direct flight from Toronto. Some are popular because that is where the careers are. Some are popular in a quieter way, the kind of place a certain type of person investigates once and never stops thinking about.
Popular is a useful signal. It tells you a destination solves a real problem for real people. It is not the same thing as best, and treating it that way is how Canadians end up buying a condo somewhere that suited someone else’s life.
Popular Is Not the Same as Best
Before the survey, an honest word about the data, because the honest word is “it is incomplete.”
Canada does not keep a real-time register of its citizens living abroad. Reporting your departure is not mandatory, so the country genuinely does not know, with precision, how many Canadians live where. Statistics Canada’s own diaspora study put the number of Canadian citizens living abroad at about 4.04 million as of 2016, with a plausible range from about 2.9 million to 5.5 million depending on the assumptions used, and it stated plainly that the figures could not be broken down by country of residence. That remains the broadest attempt to estimate the total Canadian diaspora, but it still cannot give you a clean country ranking.
Destination countries do not help as much as you would hope, because they count differently. Some count foreign-born residents, some count citizens, some count visa holders, and almost none of them cleanly capture the snowbird who spends five months a year in one place and keeps a house in another. A more recent Statistics Canada portrait, released in 2026 using 2020 data, finally attached some geography to the question. Among Canadians by birth living abroad, the United States accounted for 61.4 percent, followed at a distance by the United Kingdom at 7.8 percent, Australia at 4.6 percent, and France and Italy at roughly 2 percent each. Statistics Canada is careful to note that this captures only the Canadian-born, and that the mix looks different for emigrants who were themselves born outside Canada, so it is a partial picture rather than a full census. But it is real evidence, and it does more than the round numbers to show which destinations carry genuine Canadian weight. After that, the picture gets fuzzy fast, and anyone who hands you a confident list from first to fifteenth is selling certainty they do not have.
So treat what follows as three overlapping groups rather than a leaderboard. There are places with large, long-established Canadian communities. There are places heavily used by snowbirds and seasonal residents. And there are places that increasingly attract Canadians thinking about relocation, remote work, retirement, or a deliberate stretch of life somewhere else. Plenty of destinations sit in more than one group. None of them is best in the abstract. They are best, or wrong, for a particular person with a particular reason to go.
That is why the survey below splits in two. First, a core group of destinations with genuinely large or well-established Canadian populations and seasonal flows, the places where popularity is well evidenced even when the exact counts are fuzzy. Then a shorter second group of destinations that matter for particular reasons, even though the Canadian numbers are smaller, more seasonal, or more specialized. The table flags each destination’s Canadian presence in those terms rather than with invented scores. The labels are deliberately broad, because national averages hide more than they reveal. Toronto versus Chiang Mai is one comparison. Halifax versus a Gulf tower is another. Use the table to decide which sections deserve your attention, then read those.
| Destination | Canadian Presence | Best For | Cost vs Canada | Distance | Family Fit | Retirement Fit | Main Trade-Off |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Very established | Snowbirds, careers, family ties | Similar to higher | Close | Strong | Mixed | Immigration and tax complexity, rising snowbird-market costs |
| Mexico | Very established | Snowbirds, retirees, remote earners | Lower | Close | Strong | Strong | Safety varies sharply by region |
| Portugal | Established | Retirees, lifestyle, medium-term | Similar and rising | Moderate | Strong | Strong | The easy incentives are gone |
| Spain | Established | Retirees, remote workers, families | Lower to similar | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Worldwide income taxed once resident |
| France | Established | Francophones, families, lifestyle | Similar | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Bureaucracy and high taxation |
| Italy | Established | Heritage, lifestyle, high earners | Lower to similar | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Slow systems and paperwork |
| United Kingdom | Established | Careers, ancestry ties | Higher | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | Cost and climate |
| Costa Rica | Established | Retirees, nature | Similar and rising | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Rising costs and security concerns |
| Panama | Established | Retirees, territorial tax | Lower to similar | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Humidity and a small banking system |
| Thailand | Established | Retirees, remote workers, low cost | Lower | Far | Moderate | Strong | Distance, shifting visa and tax rules |
| Australia | Established | Younger workers, families | Higher | Very far | Strong | Weak | Enormous distance and cost |
| Japan | Smaller or emerging | Families, remote workers, medium-term | Similar, weak yen helps | Far | Strong | Weak | Language and a hard path to permanence |
| Malaysia | Smaller or emerging | Retirees, remote workers, families | Lower | Far | Strong | Strong | Residency now demands real capital |
| United Arab Emirates | Specialized, career | High earners, entrepreneurs | Higher | Far | Moderate | Weak | Heat, and a poor fit for retirement |
| Greece | Smaller or emerging | Retirees, lifestyle | Lower | Moderate to far | Moderate | Strong | Uneven services and infrastructure |
| Philippines | Specialized, family ties | Family ties, retirees | Lower | Far | Strong | Strong | Infrastructure outside the cities |
| New Zealand | Smaller or emerging | Younger workers, lifestyle | Higher | Very far | Strong | Weak | Distance and a smaller job market |
The Major and Established Expat Choices
These are the destinations with either strong evidence of Canadian presence or particularly durable Canadian snowbird, retirement, and expatriate flows. Some earn their place through emigrant counts and some through decades of seasonal and retirement traffic, but the popularity is well evidenced in every case, even where the precise numbers are fuzzy.
United States
Generic expat lists skip the United States because it feels too obvious to count. That is a mistake. It is almost certainly the single largest destination for Canadians abroad, and it got there through the least glamorous reasons imaginable: it is next door, it speaks the same language, the flights are short, and for many professions the salaries are higher and the market deeper. Careers, business, university, marriage, and family ties move far more Canadians south than any beach ever has.
Layered on top is the snowbird economy. Hundreds of thousands of Canadians own property in Florida, Arizona, and California, and for decades the winter migration south was the path of least resistance for retirees who wanted heat without a language barrier.
The trade-offs are durable ones, and they matter more than any given season’s headlines. Immigration is more complicated than the easy border crossing suggests, and the gap between visiting and legally living there is real. Long stays raise tax questions, since enough time in the country can pull a Canadian into US tax-residency and filing obligations, and cross-border tax and estate exposure rewards planning rather than assumption. Healthcare generally requires private insurance unless you qualify for US public coverage, and it can be expensive. The Canadian dollar’s persistent weakness against the US dollar stretches every cost. And the classic snowbird markets have grown markedly more expensive, with housing and, in particular, insurance climbing in the most storm-exposed states.
Verdict: still the default for careers, family proximity, and anyone who values being a short flight from home, but the immigration, tax, healthcare, and currency math rewards people who plan rather than assume.
Mexico
If the United States is where Canadians go for work, Mexico is where they go for winter and, increasingly, for good. Mexico has a substantial Canadian seasonal and expatriate presence, with large numbers of retirees owning property or spending extended periods there; more than 2.8 million Canadians travelled to Mexico in 2025 alone. The pull is easy to understand: direct flights, reliable warm winter weather in its major expat regions, a cost of living well below Canada’s in most places, private healthcare that is genuinely good and genuinely affordable, and residency rules that remain among the more accessible for retirees with steady income or savings.
Mexico is not one experience. Puerto Vallarta and the Riviera Nayarit draw a beach-and-community crowd. Playa del Carmen and the Riviera Maya lean younger and more transient. Lake Chapala and Ajijic host one of the oldest established North American retiree communities anywhere. Merida offers colonial-city living inland, and Mexico City rewards people who want a real metropolis rather than a resort. Each of these is a different life.
The trade-off is the one everyone raises and few discuss precisely: safety varies enormously by region, and national headlines tell you almost nothing about the street you would actually live on. Bureaucracy can be slow, and residency income thresholds are tied to Mexican wage measures that have risen in recent years, so the exact figures are worth confirming at the time you apply rather than trusting an old blog post.
Verdict: the strongest all-round option for warm, affordable living close to Canada, best for snowbirds and retirees, but it demands region-by-region due diligence rather than a national impression.
Portugal
Portugal spent a decade as the default answer for Canadians who wanted Europe, and it earned it: a mild climate, real safety, a welcoming culture, and Lisbon, Porto, the Algarve, and Madeira each offering a distinct version of the same appeal. What has changed is the incentive structure. Portugal’s old Non-Habitual Resident tax regime and its property-based golden-visa route are gone, and the wider citizenship and residency landscape has tightened as well.
None of that makes Portugal a bad choice. It makes it a normal one. You move there because you want to live there, not because it hands you a tax holiday or a fast passport. Housing pressure and rising costs in the popular areas are the practical trade-off, and the exact residency and citizenship timelines have shifted repeatedly, so treat them as a live question rather than a settled fact.
Verdict: excellent for retirees and medium-term lifestyle expats who want European living on its own merits, poor for anyone still chasing the incentives they read about a few years ago. Portugal real estate guide
Spain
Spain offers much of Portugal’s appeal at a slightly larger scale: a warm Mediterranean coast, serious cities in Madrid and Barcelona, the Balearic and Canary Islands, strong infrastructure, and a public health system with a good reputation. Its golden visa ended, but Spain never depended on it for ordinary movers. The realistic routes now are a non-lucrative visa for retirees and others with passive income, a digital nomad visa for remote workers, and an entrepreneur visa, none of which require buying property.
The trade-off is tax. Once you cross into Spanish tax residency, generally by spending more than 183 days there, Spain taxes your worldwide income at progressive rates, which changes the math considerably for anyone with substantial investment income. Proposals to tax property purchases by non-EU, non-resident buyers have also been floated and are worth watching rather than fearing, since a proposal is not a law.
Verdict: a strong pick for retirees and remote workers who want Mediterranean living and do not mind being taxed as residents, less suited to high earners trying to shelter global income.
France
France earns its place partly through a connection no other European country has: language. For francophone Canadians, and Quebecers in particular, France removes the single biggest barrier to living abroad, and the cultural and family ties run deep. Beyond that, it offers what it always has, a high quality of daily life, excellent food and infrastructure, and a strong health system that residents can access once they are properly settled.
The long-stay visitor visa is a workable route for those who can support themselves without working locally. The trade-offs are the famous ones: dense bureaucracy and high taxation for residents. France rewards patience and punishes people who expected it to be efficient.
Verdict: a natural fit for francophone Canadians and families drawn to the lifestyle, weaker as a pure financial optimization.
Italy
Italy attracts two very different Canadians. The first has Italian heritage and is drawn by ancestry, food, and a slower rhythm of life, though the citizenship-by-descent route has been tightened and now reaches back far less generously than it once did. The second is a high earner using Italy’s substitute-tax regime for new residents, which can replace ordinary Italian taxation on qualifying foreign income with a fixed annual charge. That charge has been raised substantially in recent years, so the current figure needs checking before any plan rests on it.
For everyone in between, Italy offers Mediterranean living at often lower cost than France or coastal Spain, balanced against genuinely slow public systems and paperwork that tests anyone’s resolve.
Verdict: compelling for heritage-driven movers and for a specific band of wealthy relocators, ordinary for everyone else. Italy real estate guide
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom belongs on the list because of language, ancestry, and careers rather than lifestyle arbitrage. It has long absorbed Canadians through work, study, and family, and London remains a genuine global career hub with routes for skilled workers and, for those with a qualifying grandparent, an ancestry visa. What it does not offer is cost savings or weather. It is expensive, the climate is the opposite of what most departing Canadians are chasing, and it is a poor retirement-value proposition.
Verdict: a career and family destination, not a lifestyle or retirement one. Judge it as the former.
Costa Rica
Costa Rica has one of the longest track records with North American retirees anywhere, and the appeal is real: stable democracy, striking nature, a decent healthcare system, and established communities in the Central Valley and along the coasts. Its Pensionado visa asks for a modest guaranteed monthly pension, with Rentista and Investor routes for those without one, and its territorial tax system can also be favourable for retirees whose income arises outside the country.
Two things have shifted the picture. Costs have risen steadily, and Costa Rica is no longer the bargain it was a decade ago; parts of it now sit close to Panama on price. And security has become a live concern, with a notable rise in organized crime that longtime residents did not used to worry about.
Verdict: still a strong nature-and-lifestyle retirement option, but go in with current cost and safety information rather than its 2010s reputation.
Panama
Panama is Costa Rica’s more transactional cousin, and for a certain retiree it is the better fit. Its Pensionado program can provide permanent residence to applicants with a qualifying lifetime pension and comes with a well-known package of retiree discounts. The economy is dollarized, which removes currency risk for anyone whose income is in US dollars, and the territorial tax system does not tax foreign-sourced income. Panama City offers real urban infrastructure and good private healthcare, while the highland town of Boquete anchors a large expat community.
The trade-offs are climate and scale: much of the country is hot and humid year round, and the banking system, while functional, is smaller and more cautious than what Canadians are used to.
Verdict: one of the more straightforward retirement residencies in the hemisphere, best for retirees who want dollar stability and a low-friction visa, weaker for anyone who needs a cooler climate.
Thailand
Thailand has been a magnet for retirees and, more recently, remote workers, on the strength of a very low cost of living, excellent and affordable private hospitals, superb food, and a mature expat infrastructure across Bangkok, Chiang Mai, and the islands. Retirement visas are available from a set age, a newer long-stay visa caters to remote workers, and a separate long-term resident visa targets wealthier applicants.
The important shift is tax. Thailand has moved to tax foreign income that residents bring into the country, ending the old strategy of simply deferring a remittance to a later year to avoid tax. The detailed treatment of foreign income and remittances remains an area where current professional advice matters.
Verdict: outstanding value for retirees and remote workers who can handle the distance, but the tax rules now require actual planning rather than a shrug.
Australia
Australia is the clearest Canadian destination in the southern hemisphere, and the emigration data supports that: it consistently ranks among the handful of countries where Canadian-born emigrants actually settle. It appeals on familiarity, being English-speaking, culturally close, high in quality of life, and stable. For younger Canadians in particular, working-holiday arrangements and skilled-migration routes make it a realistic place to build a few years of career and adventure, and families rate it highly for lifestyle and schooling.
The two obstacles are unavoidable. Australia is about as far from Canada as it is possible to be, which makes casual visits home a genuine ordeal, and the cost of living, housing especially, is high. It rewards people early in their working lives more than retirees.
Verdict: best for younger Canadians and families chasing quality of life and career mobility, poorly suited to anyone who needs to be near aging parents in Canada.
Other Destinations Worth Considering
These do not have the Canadian numbers of the core group, and one or two barely register as Canadian communities at all. They earn their place because each solves a specific problem unusually well, for a specific kind of Canadian. Read them as targeted options rather than as places the crowd has already validated.
Japan
Japan does not belong on this list because large numbers of Canadians retire there. They do not, and permanent retirement in Japan is genuinely difficult. It belongs because it solves a different problem better than almost anywhere: a safe, high-functioning, deeply interesting place to spend a defined stretch of life, especially with children. The safety is real, the infrastructure is exceptionally strong, the food and culture reward long exposure, and a persistently weak yen has made it far better value than its reputation suggests. Remote workers and families on an international assignment or a deliberate year abroad are the natural fit.
The trade-offs are language, the difficulty of deep integration, and a tax and immigration framework that does not make indefinite stays easy. Japan is a chapter, not usually a final destination.
Verdict: an unusually strong option for a medium-term family or remote-work experience, and a weak choice for permanent retirement. Investigate it if you want an experience rather than an exit. our full Japan write-up
Malaysia
Malaysia is the quietly practical alternative to Thailand, and it solves two of Thailand’s problems: English is widely spoken, and Malaysia currently offers favourable treatment for much foreign-source income received by individual residents, subject to the applicable exemption rules. Kuala Lumpur and Penang offer modern infrastructure, world-class private healthcare, and a food culture that rivals anywhere in the region, all at a cost of living that undercuts most of the West.
The catch is the Malaysia My Second Home program, which was overhauled into tiers that dropped the old income tests but added real capital requirements. Most tiers now pair a substantial fixed deposit with a mandatory residential-property purchase held for around a decade, which turns residency into a serious financial commitment rather than a simple proof-of-income exercise. The exact thresholds are the kind of figure worth verifying against the official program before planning around them.
Verdict: excellent for retirees and families who want an English-friendly, tax-light base and can meet the new capital bar, less accessible for those without significant liquid assets.
United Arab Emirates
The UAE is the outlier, and it should be judged on entirely different criteria from everywhere else on this list. Nobody moves to Dubai or Abu Dhabi for a cheap, slow retirement. They move for money and career: no personal income tax on salaries, dividends, or capital gains, a safe and hypermodern environment, strong international schools, and a concentration of high-paying roles in finance, tech, construction, and the trades that support them. For a high earner or an entrepreneur, the tax profile is genuinely transformative in a way no lifestyle destination can match.
The trade-offs are the heat, which is punishing for months of the year, the high cost of a Western lifestyle, a legal and cultural environment that differs sharply from Canada’s, and a poor fit for conventional retirement. And the tax advantage is only real if you actually establish non-residency from Canada, which is its own exercise entirely.
Verdict: a serious option for high earners and entrepreneurs in their working years, and the wrong place for almost anyone seeking a relaxed or permanent retreat. Flag Theory for Canadians
Greece
Greece is the value option in Mediterranean Europe: lower costs than most of the continent, a warm climate, islands and a serious history, and a specific draw for qualifying foreign pensioners in the form of a 7 percent tax on foreign-source income for up to fifteen years. It still runs a golden visa, though the investment thresholds were raised and vary by area, so the numbers need checking at the time you look.
The trade-off is that services and infrastructure are uneven once you leave the well-developed areas, and bureaucracy can be as trying as Italy’s.
Verdict: a strong retirement-on-a-budget option, especially for pensioners, provided you value climate and cost over administrative smoothness.
The Philippines
The Philippines earns its place through a connection most destinations lack: family. The Filipino-Canadian community is one of the largest immigrant groups in Canada, which creates a steady two-way flow of Canadians visiting, retiring near relatives, or returning with a Canadian spouse. English is an official language, the cost of living is low, and the retiree visa is among the more straightforward in Asia for those who can meet its deposit requirement.
The trade-off is infrastructure, which thins quickly outside Manila, Cebu, and a handful of hubs, along with exposure to typhoons and the long flight home.
Verdict: a strong option for Canadians with Filipino family ties and for retirees who value English and low costs over polished infrastructure.
New Zealand
New Zealand offers much of Australia’s appeal in a smaller, quieter package: English-speaking, safe, spectacular, and open to skilled migrants and working-holiday arrivals. The Canadian presence is real but thinner than Australia’s, and it does not register in the emigration data at anything like the same scale, which is why it sits here rather than in the core group.
The trade-offs are Australia’s, amplified. It is even farther from home, the job market is smaller, and the cost of living is high relative to incomes. It suits the same younger, lifestyle-driven Canadian, just one willing to trade career scale for scenery and calm.
Verdict: a strong lifestyle choice for younger Canadians who want Australia’s feel at a slower pace, weak for anyone prioritizing career scale, proximity, or retirement.
Which Destinations Fit Which Kind of Canadian?
Reverse the question. Instead of asking which country is best, ask what you are trying to accomplish, and the shortlist gets short fast. These are starting points, not verdicts.
If you want a warm winter close to home, look at Mexico first, then the southern United States and Costa Rica, with the Dominican Republic worth a look as a vacation-property base even though relatively few Canadians make it a full-time home. If you want European lifestyle and public healthcare, start with Portugal, Spain, and France, and add Italy or Greece if heritage or budget points you there. If you want your money to stretch as far as possible in daily life, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines lead, with the distance from Canada as the standing cost.
If the goal is a family cultural experience for a defined stretch, Japan is the standout, with Spain and Portugal as gentler, closer alternatives. If you are moving for career and income, the United States, the United Kingdom, the UAE, and Australia are where the opportunities concentrate. For retirement specifically, Mexico, Portugal, Spain, Costa Rica, Panama, and Thailand form the realistic core, each solving the problem slightly differently. And for a tax-sensitive high earner, the honest list is short and conditional: the UAE, or a narrow set of territorial and flat-tax jurisdictions, and only if you genuinely sever Canadian tax residency rather than assuming a plane ticket did it for you.
Before You Pick a Country
The country is the last decision, not the first. A handful of considerations decide whether any destination will actually work, and they matter more than the brochure.
Start with duration, because it changes everything. A three-month snowbird stay, a one-year family sabbatical, a five-year remote-work base, and a permanent retirement are four different decisions with four different tax, visa, and property implications, and a place that is perfect for one can be wrong for another.
Then immigration, where most plans quietly fail. Being easy to visit is not being easy to live in. A tourist stamp, a digital nomad visa, work authorization, permanent residence, and citizenship are entirely separate things, and the gap between “I loved it on holiday” and “I can legally stay indefinitely” is where dreams meet paperwork.
Tax deserves its own paragraph and its own caution. Living abroad does not automatically end your Canadian tax residency, and leaving can trigger Canada’s departure tax on the way out. Meanwhile the destination may make you a tax resident on its own terms, often at the 183-day mark. Tax optimization and lifestyle optimization are different exercises, and confusing them is expensive. departure tax and Canadian tax residency
Healthcare is not the free-at-the-border benefit many assume. Access to public systems may depend on legal residence, employment, contributions, or a qualifying period before you are covered, and most expats carry private insurance regardless. If you are weighing a destination partly for medical care, price the reality rather than the reputation. medical tourism for Canadians
Children can rewrite the entire budget. A destination that looks cheap for a couple can become expensive the moment two international-school tuitions arrive, and schooling quality, language of instruction, and continuity all bear on whether a family move actually holds together. the expat year with kids
Distance and flights round it out. Toronto to Lisbon is a different life from Toronto to Bangkok, and a place that looks wonderful on paper loses much of its shine when visiting an aging parent means twenty hours in transit. Direct Canadian air service, the climate you are actually optimizing for, the source and currency of your income, and the language you will live in daily all belong on the list before the country does. Buying property, worth saying plainly, rarely creates residency by itself. foreign real estate investing for Canadians
How I’d Build a Three-Country Shortlist
If I were turning this map into a decision rather than reading about it, here is the sequence I would run.
- Pick the duration first, and be honest about it. Three months, one year, five years, or forever. Almost everything else falls out of this one choice, and a place that is ideal for a single winter can be entirely wrong for a life.
- Name one primary objective and rank it above the rest. Warm winter, lower cost, a family experience, a career leap, a lower tax bill. Destinations that promise to solve every objective at once tend to solve none of them well, so decide which problem is actually driving the move.
- Eliminate ruthlessly on the hard constraints. Cross off anything that fails on distance from aging family, a visa that genuinely permits the life you have in mind, the tax reality on both the Canadian and destination sides, or the cost of schooling if children are moving too. Most of the map should disappear here, and that is the point.
- Shortlist three, not ten. Match what survives to your duration and your objective, using the two tiers above as a filter rather than a menu.
- Scout them before committing any capital. A month in the actual neighbourhood, in the season you would like least, teaches you more than a year of reading. In almost every case, I would rent before buying.
The Canadians who do this well treat the first stay as a hypothesis to test, not a decision to defend. The ones who struggle bought the condo first.
Where to Go Deeper
This was the map, not the journey. Each of these destinations deserves a closer look before it earns a place on your shortlist, and several of them already have fuller treatments worth reading next.
If a specific country here caught your attention, the natural next step is the deeper Sovereign Canadian exploration of it. The full Japan write-up goes well past this survey on the medium-term family and remote-work case. Living in Japan as a Canadian The foreign real estate work covers the property side of most of these markets in detail. foreign real estate investing hub And if this article is the first you are reading in the series, the introduction to the whole question of living abroad sets up why the middle ground between staying and emigrating is where most of the interesting options actually live. why live abroad, and should you
The useful question was never “which country is best.” It was “popular for whom, for what purpose, and for how long.” Answer those three, in that order, and the map stops being overwhelming and starts being a shortlist.
This article is general information reflecting research and opinion as of the date of writing, and it is not legal, tax, immigration, or financial advice. Immigration programs, tax regimes, residency thresholds, and healthcare rules change often and depend on your personal circumstances and province of residence. Figures and rules noted here should be verified with the relevant government authorities at the time you act, and anyone making a cross-border move should consult a qualified immigration lawyer and a cross-border tax professional before committing.