Mexico sells proximity. Portugal sells a legal system you recognize and an EU passport at the end of the road. Panama sells something different again: a currency you don’t have to think about, a government that has spent a century building its economy around foreigners moving money through it, and a property registry that treats a Canadian buyer almost exactly like a Panamanian one. That last part is not marketing copy — it’s closer to the truth than most “foreigner-friendly” claims you’ll read about other countries in this series.